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Testosterone may be administered, when clinically appropriate, through different methods, depending on the patient’s needs: intramuscular injections or transdermal applications. Biote Therapy is a safe, effective, and natural approach to optimizing your hormone levels. Click here to learn more about Biote Hormone Replacement Therapy.
Testosterone is a hormone, a molecular messenger that travels through your bloodstream to act on many organs and tissues in your body, including your brain, muscles, fat, bones and sexual organs.
Testosterone and the brain
Your thinking abilities and general sense of well-being, including your mood, energy level and sense of vitality, and sexual drive or libido are all affected by testosterone.
Testosterone and muscle
Testosterone creates muscle cells and causes them to grow in size and strength.
Testosterone and fat
Testosterone has been shown to reduce body fat, particularly in the midsection and chest. The result is an improvement in lean body mass.
Testosterone and bones
Testosterone helps prevent the normal bone destruction of aging and actually improves bone density. This reduces the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Testosterone and the heart
Testosterone can influence cardiovascular risk factors indirectly through its effect on the amount of fat in your body, and there is evidence it benefits the heart directly. It may help open the coronary arteries, and possibly improve cardiac function in people with heart disease and heart failure.
Testosterone and sex
Low testosterone can reduce your ability to have satisfying sex. Lack of sex drive and erectile dysfunction are sexual problems that can result from low testosterone. If low testosterone is the cause, treating it can help.
Testosterone plays a critical role in maintaining youthful neurological structure, alleviating depression, as well as inducing fat loss in those who are unable to reduce body weight regardless of diet and exercise.
Recent studies have demonstrated that low testosterone in men is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and an almost 50% increase in mortality over a seven year period.
Restoring testosterone to youthful ranges in men can result in an increase in insulin sensitivity as well as a reduction in total cholesterol, fat mass, waist circumference and pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with atherosclerosis, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Testosterone therapy can also significantly improve sexual desire and improve functional capacity.
Because testosterone affects so many organs and tissues, low levels are associated with many signs and symptoms throughout the body.
Symptoms you may experience but cannot be adequately measured include:
None of these signs or symptoms are specific to testosterone deficiency and many are hard to differentiate from normal aging. Our role is to evaluate any signs or symptoms of low testosterone, and then to see how they correlate with your hormone levels.
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone produced from cholesterol that then follows one of two pathways, both involving two-step enzymatic conversions, to yield either estrogens or testosterone. Thus, levels of DHEA can have a role in determining levels of estrogen and testosterone, though DHEA alone is seldom enough to sufficiently restore testosterone levels in aging men.
Aromatase
One of the most important factors that affect testosterone levels and the ratio between testosterone and estrogen is the aromatase enzyme. Aromatase converts testosterone to estrogen, further depleting free testosterone levels and increasing estrogen levels.
Obesity
Obesity and associated hyperinsulinemia suppress the action of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the testis, which can significantly reduce circulating testosterone levels, even in men under the age of 40. In addition, increased belly fat mass has been correlated with increased aromatase levels.
The vicious circle of low testosterone and obesity has been described as the hypogonadal/obesity cycle. In this cycle a low testosterone level results in increased abdominal fat, which in turn leads to increased aromatase activity. This enhances the conversion of testosterone to estrogens, which further reduces testosterone and increases the tendency toward abdominal fat.
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)
Most testosterone circulating in the bloodstream is bound to either sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (60%) or albumin (38%). Only a small fraction (2%) is unbound, or “free”.
Testosterone binds more tightly to SHBG than to albumin. Consequently, only albumin-bound testosterone and free testosterone constitute the bioavailable forms of testosterone, which are accessible to target tissues and carry out the actions of the essential hormone. Thus the bioavailability of testosterone is influenced by the level of SHBG.
Aging men experience both an increase in aromatase activity and an elevation in SHBG production. The net result is an increase in the ratio of estrogen to testosterone and a decrease in total and free testosterone levels. It is crucial that this skewed ratio be balanced.
Liver Function
The liver is responsible for removing excess estrogen and SHBG, and any decrease in liver function could exacerbate hormonal imbalances and compromise healthy testosterone levels. Thus it is important that aging men also strive for optimal liver function.
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